Collected Dialogues of Plato, Vol. II

Gorgias; Timaeus; Theaetetus; Sophist; Statesman; Philebus; Laws (Book X)

In this dialogue, Socrates debates with the sophist Gorgias and his disciples, Polus and Callicles, about the nature of rhetoric, justice, and virtue. Socrates critiques rhetoric as a form of flattery and manipulation, arguing that true power lies in the pursuit of justice and the well-being of the soul. 

Timaeus explores the creation of the universe and the nature of the physical and divine world. Timaeus, one of the speakers, provides an account of the cosmos' origins, describing a rational, orderly universe created by a divine craftsman (the Demiurge) who uses eternal Forms as models. The dialogue combines metaphysics with cosmology, presenting a vision of the universe as a harmonious and intelligent design.

Socrates engages in a discussion with Theaetetus about the nature of knowledge. The dialogue ultimately questions whether knowledge can be adequately defined and examines the complexities of epistemology, including the problems of relativism and the nature of truth.

In Sophist, Socrates and his interlocutors attempt to define what a sophist is and distinguish sophistry from genuine philosophy. The dialogue explores various aspects of sophistry, including its focus on persuasion over truth and its relativistic approach to knowledge. 

Statesman continues the exploration of political philosophy, focusing on the qualities that define a true statesman or ruler. Socrates and his interlocutors discuss the nature of political leadership, the distinction between rulers and mere leaders, and the concept of the ideal statesman who governs with wisdom and virtue. 

In Philebus, Socrates debates with Philebus and Protarchus about the nature of the good life and the role of pleasure and intellect in achieving it. The dialogue examines whether pleasure or wisdom (or a combination of both) constitutes the highest good. Socrates argues that a life guided by reason and intellectual pursuits is superior to one solely focused on sensory pleasures, exploring the balance between pleasure and reason in the pursuit of happiness.

Plato’s Laws is his final and most extensive dialogue, presenting a detailed discussion on the ideal legal and political system for a city-state. Unlike The Republic, which describes an idealized city governed by philosopher-kings, Laws outlines a more pragmatic approach to governance, emphasizing the need for laws that align with virtue and the common good.